Even though they have been in cultivation for hundreds of years, new hydrangea varieties continue to dazzle modern-day gardeners with improved flowering and performance.
I am hard-pressed to name a shrub that matches the hydrangea for drama, splendor, and elegance in the garden. From the subtle white starry-shaped lacecap flower of ‘Hayes Starburst’ to the dramatic, large white globes of ‘Incrediball’—one of my favorites—there’s a hydrangea to fit almost any spot in the garden.
And with more advances in plant breeding, hydrangea selection has continued to expand to meet the still-growing demand for new plants. Now gardeners can choose from a wide array of reblooming mopheads, a variety of new flower color options, and a multitude of dwarf sun- or shade-loving hydrangeas, starting at 12 inches in height.
It’s a great time to discover the versatility of this flexible shrub, or reacquaint yourself with a plant that you might have written off as old-fashioned or poor blooming. Make no mistake—today’s hydrangeas are versatile, dynamic, and easy to grow.
While there are thousands of different hydrangeas and cultivated varieties, I’m going to talk about four main species and some of the varieties you may want to be on the lookout for:
Hydrangea arborescens (smooth hydrangea),
H. macrophylla (bigleaf hydrangea),
H. paniculata (panicle hydrangea), and
H. quercifolia (oakleaf hydrangea).
And while the different hydrangea species vary greatly, they all benefit from being planted in soil that is rich in organic matter and sited in a location with moist but well-drained soil. Adding compost or manure when planting will help with moisture retention, and, ironically, drainage. Despite its water-loving name, you don’t want your hydrangea to sit in soggy soil.
Arborescens — Smooth Hydrangea
Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’ and ‘Incrediball’ make striking hedges when planted en masse. Photo by Mark Fonville
is one of the hydrangea varieties native to North America, which makes it a fairly care-free selection. Hardy in zones 3 to 9,
‘Annabelle’ is probably the most well-known arborescens, with large white round mophead flowers. It grows to about 4 feet by 4 feet, but blossoms will flop to the ground when it rains. Lucky for us, plant breeders have introduced an improved ‘Annabelle’ with thicker stems for more support—the
‘Incrediball’ hydrangea.
‘Incrediball’ makes a spectacular hedge, is great for cut flowers, and can be enjoyed as a specimen plant or placed in the back garden where its blooms can even be appreciated from a distance. And the variety just gets better. For example, at just 2 feet by 2 feet, a dwarf version of ‘Annabelle’—the
‘Invincebelle Wee White’—is a little powerhouse that gives you an abundance of white flowers in a mini form.
A pink/mauve version—
‘Invincibelle Mini Mauvette’—stands at about 3 feet tall and wide with strong stems. This species blooms on new wood, or the current season’s growth, so you don’t have to worry about improper pruning, hard winters, or late freezes that might kill off precious flower buds. They are best situated in morning or dappled sun.
Macrophylla — Bigleaf Hydrangea
Hydrangea blossoms can range in color from just a hint of blue to a deep, vibrant raspberry pink, and multiple shades in between. You can often tweak the color of the flower by adjusting your soil pH. Photo by Hortus, Ltd.
Bigleaf hydrangeas, with their intense blue or deep pink round, fluffy flowers, are the holy grail of blossoms for many gardeners. The old classic ‘Nikko Blue’ and many others only develop flower buds on old wood, or growth from the previous season, so extremely cold temperatures can result in damaged buds and no flowers. Or as I call it, “hydrangea heartache.”
Plant breeders have come through with new hydrangea varieties that bloom on both old and new wood. The leader in this field is the
‘Endless Summer’ series of hydrangeas, including the original ‘Endless Summer,’ which blooms pink, purple, or blue, depending on your soil pH and measures about 4 feet by 4 feet. It’s hardy in zones 4 to 9. Its sister plant,
‘BloomStruck,’ has similar flowers on dark purple stems.
‘Blushing Bride’ is a white version that is hardy in zones 5 to 9, and
‘Twist-n-Shout’ is a beautiful lacecap variety with red stems, hardy in zones 4 to 9.
And more remontant varieties are coming out every year. I especially like
‘Let’s Dance Rhythmic Blue,’ which is about 3 to 4 feet tall and wide and hardy in zones 5 to 9. But just like ‘Nikko Blue,’ ‘Rhythmic Blue’ flowers will actually be pink in alkaline soil, so you may have to amend your soil with an acidifier product to create blue flowers.
Hydrangea macrophylla performs best when situated in morning or dappled sun.
Paniculata — Panicle Hydrangea
Hydrangea paniculata, or panicle hydrangea, grows well in full sun. Its creamy white flowers change to a dusky rose color as the season progresses. Photo by Mark Fonville
Gardeners with full sunlight should consider panicle hydrangeas, so named because of their panicle-shaped flowers, which open a creamy white and age to a dusty rose as the summer progresses. And because they bloom on the current season’s growth, paniculatas are reliable, hardy bloomers.
One of the best-known and hardest-working paniculatas is
‘Limelight,’ hardy in zones 3 to 9 and reaching up to 8 feet tall. But if that’s too much hydrangea for you, consider
‘Little Lime,’ a dwarf version that you can keep to about 3 feet tall with late winter or early spring pruning.
Other dwarf panicle hydrangeas worth considering include
‘Bobo’ and
‘Little Quick Fire,’ both hardy in zones 3 to 8.
Hydrangea paniculata is the only hydrangea variety that will perform happily in full sun, but will also take part sun.
Quercifolia — Oakleaf Hydrangea
Oakleaf hydrangea’s blossom and distinctive leaves. Photo by guentermanaus/Shutterstock
Oakleaf hydrangeas are the other hydrangea species native to North America, making them low-maintenance, reliable, and outstanding in beauty. They also have the distinction of being a true four-season shrub, with oakleaf-shaped foliage in spring; large, creamy white panicle flowers in the summer that age to a rosy hue; beautiful orange, red, and gold fall foliage; and an ornamental cinnamon-colored peeling bark that is visible in the winter.
If you don’t have an oakleaf hydrangea already, then put it on your wish list. The true oakleaf species can reach 8 feet or taller and just as wide, so it’s not for the faint of heart. But if you’ve got the room, nothing beats the majesty and size of its foliage and flowers.
More manageable oakleaf hydrangeas include
‘Snow Queen’ and
‘Alice,’ both about 5 feet tall and hardy in zones 5 to 9.
Dwarf oakleaf versions include
‘Pee Wee,’ ‘Sikes Dwarf,’ and the relatively new
‘Ruby Slippers,’ which reaches about 4 feet tall and wide and has flowers that darken to a more ruby color. It’s hardy in zones 5 to 9.
And because oakleaf hydrangeas have woody stems, pruning is not recommended so that the stem’s original character and shape can be appreciated in the winter months. If you need a shorter variety, it’s worth searching for a dwarf form to prevent having to prune for size later. These hydrangeas prefer to be located in morning or dappled sun.
More Hydrangea Know-How
Hydrangea arborescens, or smooth hydrangeas, grows best in morning sun and afternoon shade. The large white flowers age to a limey-green and make a beautiful cut flower.
Purple blossoms are created when the plant's soil pH hovers between 6 and 7. When that's the case, it's not unusual to see blue, pink, and purple flowers on the same plant. Hydrangea blossoms can range in color from just a hint of blue to a deep, vibrant raspberry pink, and multiple shades in between. You can often tweak the color of the flower by adjusting your soil pH. Photo by Mark Fonville
Hydrangeas make a beautiful foundation plant. The large colored blossoms provide color in the garden for most of the summer, leading into fall. Photo by Betty Freeze, Hortus, Ltd.
White hydrangeas are a classic flower, bringing elegance and tranquility to the garden. In addition, white blossoms are showy at all hours of the day, picking up reflected light well into the evening. Photo by Mark Fonville
Hydrangeas can create an even bigger show when planted in containers where they can be placed strategically by an entrance way or throughout the garden. As with any container planting, daily watering might be necessary.
Hydrangeas will thrive when planted in soil that is rich in organic material. For established plants, consider top dressing soil with compost or aged manure. Photo by Mark Fonville
Hydrangea varieties are available today in more colors and sizes than ever before, and with advances in plant breeding and growing consumer demand, the future looks bright for even better selections. Heirloom hydrangeas will always have a place in the garden, but I hope you consider one of the newer varieties if a spot opens up in your garden. You’ll be amazed by their performance and ease, which are plant traits that all of us gardeners seek.
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By P. Allen Smith
About Allen
P. Allen Smith is one of America’s most recognized garden and design experts. His
Moss Mountain Farm serves as a place of inspiration, education, and conservation. Book tours at
pallensmith.com/tours.
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